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How Do Makeup Companies Test On Animals

Written By Tuesday, 12 April 2022 Add Comment Edit

Form of fauna testing

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Nationwide ban on all cosmetic testing on animals Partial ban on cosmetic testing on animals1
Ban on the auction of cosmetics tested on animals No ban on whatsoever corrective testing on animals
Unknown

1 some methods of testing are excluded from the ban or the laws vary within the country

Cosmetic testing on animals is a type of animal testing used to test the safe and hypoallergenic backdrop of cosmetic products for utilise by humans.

Since this type of brute testing is oftentimes harmful to the animal subjects, it is opposed by beast rights activists and others. Corrective beast testing is banned in many parts of the world, including Colombia, the European union, the United Kingdom, Bharat, Israel,[1] [two] and Norway.[3]

Cosmetics that have been produced without any testing on animals are sometimes known as "cruelty-gratis cosmetics".[4]

Definition [edit]

Using creature testing in the evolution of cosmetics may involve testing either a finished product or the individual ingredients of a finished product on animals, oft rabbits, as well as mice, rats, monkeys, dogs, Guinea pigs and other animals. Cosmetics tin exist defined as products applied to the trunk in various ways in order to enhance the body's appearance or to cleanse the body. This includes all hair products, makeup, and pare products .[5]

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) continues to endorse brute testing methods.[half-dozen]

Re-using existing test data obtained from previous animal testing is generally not considered to be cosmetic testing on animals; nonetheless, the acceptability of this to opponents of testing is inversely proportional to how recent the data is.

Methods [edit]

Methods of testing cosmetics on animals include diverse tests that are categorized differently based on which areas the cosmetics will be used for. 1 new ingredient in whatever corrective product used in these tests could atomic number 82 to the deaths of at least 1,400 animals.[7]

Dermal penetration: Rats are mostly used in this method that analyzes moment of a chemic, and the penetration of the chemic in the bloodstream. Dermal penetration is a method that creates a better understanding of skin absorption.[half dozen]

Pare sensitization: This is a method that determines if a chemical causes an allergic reaction. The chemical adjuvant is injected to boost the immune system. In the past it was performed on republic of guinea pigs, and applied on a shaved patch of skin. Substances are assessed based on appearance of skin.[6]

Acute toxicity: This exam is used to determine danger of exposure to a chemical by mouth, peel, or inflammation. Information technology shows the various dangerous effects of a substance that issue from a short flow exposure. Rats and mice are injected in lethal dose fifty% (LD50). This test tin can cause animal convulsions, loss of motor function, and seizures.[6] This lethal dose severely harms animals health that most of the time the brute dies during the process.

Draize test: This is a method of testing that may cause irritation or corrosion to the skin or eye on animals, dermal sensitization, airway sensitization, endocrine disruption, and LDl (which refers to the lethal dose which kills 50% of the treated animals).

Skin corrosivity or irritation: This method of test assesses the potential of a substance causing irreversible damage to the skin. It is typically performed on rabbits and involves putting chemicals on a shaved patch of skin. This determines the level of damage to the skin that includes itching, inflammation, swelling, etc.[6]

Alternatives [edit]

There is a diverseness of alternatives that exist instead of animal testing. Nowadays with new advances in technology and science, at that place are options that are condom for both animals and humans. Cosmetics manufacturers who practice not test on animals may now use in vitro screens to examination for endpoints which tin make up one's mind potential risk to humans with a very high sensitivity and specificity. Companies such as CeeTox in the United states of america, recently acquired by Cyprotex, specialize in such testing and organizations like the Centre for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), PETA and many other organizations advocate the utilize of in vitro and other non-fauna tests in the development of consumer products. Using safety ingredients from a list of five,000 which take already been tested in conjunction with modernistic methods of cosmetics testing, the demand for tests using animals are negated.[eight]

EpiSkin™, EpiDerm™, and SkinEthic are each composed of artificial man skin as an choice for culling testing. Artificial pare can imitate the reaction actual human skin volition take to a product and the chemicals it contains and can be altered to mimic dissimilar skin types and ages. For case, using UV light on EpiSkin can cause it to resemble older pare and calculation melanocytes will turn the skin a darker colour. This helped create a spectrum of different peel colors that are so used to compare the results of sunblock on a unlike diverseness of people.[9] To accost potential issues with other parts of the human trunk, inquiry companies such as NOTOX have developed a synthetic model of the human liver, which is the principal organ to detox the body, in social club to examination harmful ingredients and chemicals to run into if the liver can detox those elements.[10] Enquiry companies can also utilise body parts and organs taken from animals slaughtered for the meat industry to perform tests such as the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test and Isolated Chicken Eye Examination.[11]

Lab-grown tissues are now existence used to test chemicals in makeup products. MatTek is one of the companies that practice this. It sells small amounts of skin cells to companies to test their products on them. Some of these companies are those that make laundry detergent, makeup, toilet bowl cleaner, anti-aging creams, and tanning lotion. Without these tissues, companies would be testing their products on living animals. Lab-grown tissues are a keen alternative to testing harmful products on animals.[12] One lab was able to grow eleven unlike types of tissues in a petri dish. The downfall was that the tissues were not fully functional on their own, in fact, many of these tissues only resembled tiny parts of an actual sized homo organ, nigh of which were too pocket-sized to transplant into humans. The bright side is that they were a dandy learning feel for many of the students researching in that location. This applied science could potentially be bully, just it was a major downfall, 'Ministomachs that took about nine weeks to cultivate in a petri dish formed "oval-shaped, hollow structures".[13]

Many companies have not made the switch to cruelty-gratuitous yet for many reasons, 1 of them being the time it takes for lab-grown tissues to be useable. Animals on the other hand, can mature apace. Rats, for example, have a much quicker growth rate "From nascence to developed, rats take near three weeks to mature and brainstorm fending for themselves. The rodents achieve sexual maturity in virtually five weeks and begin mating presently after to produce the next generation to commencement the rat life bike over again".[ citation needed ] On top of the extremely brusk time it takes a rat to mature, they tin can provide u.s. with a complete ready of organ systems, not just a paper-thin sheet of cells. Rats tin also reproduce, and they do so at a very fast pace "In general, rats produce about vii offspring per litter and tin reach upwards to fourteen at times. Typical gestation periods concluding merely a few weeks, assuasive each female rat to produce around five litters a twelvemonth".[ citation needed ]

History [edit]

The get-go known tests on animals were washed as early as 300 BC. "Writings of ancient civilizations all certificate the use of animal testing. These civilizations, led by men like Aristotle and Erasistratus, used live animals to examination various medical procedures". This testing was of import considering information technology led to new discoveries such as how blood circulated and the fact that living beings needed air to survive. The idea of taking an brute and comparing it to how human beings survived was a completely new idea. It would not accept existed (at to the lowest degree non as quickly equally it did) without our ancestors studying animals and how their bodies worked.

"Proving the germ theory of disease was the crowning accomplishment of the French scientist Louis Pasteur. He was not the first to propose that diseases were acquired by microscopic organisms, simply the view was controversial in the 19th century and opposed the accepted theory of 'spontaneous generation'".[fourteen] The idea of germs and other microscopic organisms was a completely new idea and wouldn't have come up to be without the use of animals. In 1665, scientists Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovered and studied how germs worked. They published a volume about their discovery, which was not accepted by very many people, including the science community, at showtime. After some time, scientists were able to give animals diseases from microbes and realized that microbes really did exist. From there they were able to apply animals to empathize how the disease worked, and the effects information technology could potentially have on the man trunk.

All of this has led upwardly to something a bit more contempo, the utilize of animals to examination beauty products. This has get a very controversial topic in recent years. There are various people who are extremely against the use of animals for this purpose, and for a good reason. "Typically, animal tests for cosmetics include skin and eye irritation tests where chemicals are rubbed onto the shaved skin or dripped into the eyes of rabbits; repeated oral forcefulness-feeding studies lasting weeks or months to look for signs of general illness or specific health hazards, such as cancer or nascency defects; and even widely condemned "lethal dose" tests, in which animals are forced to swallow massive amounts of a test chemical to determine the dose that causes decease".[15] This kind of testing tin can be vital in finding important information about products but can be harmful to the animals it is tested on.

In 1937, a mistake was made that concluded up changing the pharmaceutical industry drastically. A visitor created a medicine (Elixir sulfanilamide) "to treat streptococcal infections", and without whatsoever scientific research the medicine was out on shelves.[16] This medicine turned out to be extremely poisonous to people, leading to big poisoning outbreaks followed by over 100 deaths.[16] This epidemic led to a police force beingness passed in 1938, called the U.S. Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Human activity, enforcing more rigorous guidelines on corrective products.[xvi] After this law was passed companies looked to animals to test their products, in turn, creating the get-go encounters of cosmetic animal testing.

Non-turn a profit organizations [edit]

This "Leaping Bunny" indicates that corrective products with this logo have not been tested on animals.

  • Cruelty Free International: Cruelty Free International and its partners manage the certification of all the companies across the world looking to be cruelty free. Companies producing beauty and household products which do not examination their products on animals for any market can request membership of The Leaping Bunny Program, which allows that visitor to feature Cruelty Complimentary International's Leaping Bunny logo on their products. This program sets global standard of operations and sales. Companies headquartered internationally can obtain certification from Cruelty Free International.[17] Companies headquartered in the Us and Canada can obtain certification from The Coalition for Consumer Information on Cosmetics (CCIC)[18] In 2013, over 500 companies were certified.[nineteen] However, some visitor's certifications were revoked after it was discovered they continued to test on animals in Asia.[20]
  • Humane Gild International: This is a global animate being protection arrangement that works to help all animals—including animals in laboratories.[21] This organisation promotes human animal interaction to tackle the being of all cruelty that innocent animals experience.

Procedures of animal testing [edit]

At that place is a strategy used in animal testing laboratories titled the 'Three R'due south:' Reduction, refinement, and replacement' (Doke, "Alternatives to Brute Testing: A Review").

  • Replacement: This provides the opportunity to study the response of cellular models, but in other words, replacement searches for alternatives that could be done rather than testing on creature subjects.[ commendation needed ]
  • Reduction: This approach is congenital upon the ethics to accept a minimal number of animal subjects being tested on for electric current and later tests.
  • Refinement: This suggests that the planned distress and pain caused to an animate being bailiwick to be equally footling as possible. This approach focuses on making a dwelling house for the animals before entering testing grounds in order to elongate the life of laboratory animals. Discomfort to animals causes an imbalance in hormonal levels which create fluctuating results during testing.

Legal requirements and status [edit]

Due to the strong public backlash against cosmetic testing on animals, most cosmetic manufacturers say their products are non tested on animals. Withal, they are nevertheless required by trading standards and consumer protection laws in most countries to show their products are non toxic and not dangerous to public health. They also need to show that the ingredients are not unsafe in large quantities, such equally when in transport or in the manufacturing plant. In some countries, it is possible to encounter these requirements without whatsoever farther tests on animals. Other countries, may crave animate being testing to encounter legal requirements. The U.s.a. and Japan are frequently criticized for their insistence on stringent safety measures, which often requires fauna testing.

Some retailers distinguish themselves in the marketplace by their opinion on animal testing.

Legal requirements in Japan [edit]

Although Japanese law doesn't crave non-medicated cosmetics to be tested on animals, it does not prohibit it either, leaving the decision to individual companies.[22] Animal testing is required when the product contains newly-developed tar colors, ultraviolet ray protective ingredients or preservatives, and when the amount of any ingredient regulated in terms of how much can exist added is increased.[23]

Japanese Brands such as Shiseido and Mandom take ended much, but non all, of their beast testing. However, near other leading cosmetics companies in Japan still test on animals.[22] [24] [25]

Jurisdictions with bans [edit]

Brazil, São Paulo [edit]

São Paulo in Brazil, banned cosmetic animal testing in 2014.[26]

Colombia [edit]

In June 2020, the Senate of the Republic of Colombia approved a resolution banning the commercialization and testing of cosmetics on animals.[27] In August 2020, presidential assent was granted to the resolution thus effectively banning the testing of cosmetics on animals in Colombia.[28]

Eu [edit]

The European Wedlock (European union) followed suit, after it agreed to phase in a near-total ban on the auction of animal-tested cosmetics throughout the Eu from 2009, and to ban cosmetics-related fauna testing.[29] Creature testing is regulated in EC Regulation 1223/2009 on cosmetics. Imported cosmetics ingredients tested on animals were phased out for Eu consumer markets in 2013 past the ban,[29] but can nevertheless be sold to outside of the EU.[30] Kingdom of norway banned cosmetics brute testing the same fourth dimension as the European union.[31] In May 2018 the European Parliament voted for the European union and its Member States to piece of work towards a United nations convention confronting the utilize of animal testing for cosmetics.[32]

European Free Trade Association [edit]

The rest of the EFTA, including Norway, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Iceland also banned corrective testing.[33]

Guatemala [edit]

In 2017, Guatemala banned cosmetic animal testing.[34]

India [edit]

In early 2014, India announced a ban on testing cosmetics on animals in the country, thereby condign the second state in Asia to practice so.[35] Afterward India banned import of cosmetics tested on animals in Nov 2014.[36]

Israel [edit]

Israel banned "the import and marketing of cosmetics, toiletries or detergents that were tested on animals" in 2013.[37]

New Zealand [edit]

In 2015, New Zealand also banned animal testing.[38] However, the ban on testing cosmetics on animals was unlikely to lead to products being stripped from shelves in New Zealand equally around 90 per cent of cosmetic products sold in New Zealand were made overseas.[39]

Taiwan [edit]

In 2015, Taiwan launched a nib proposing a ban on corrective testing on animals.[40] Information technology passed in 2016 and went into event in 2019.[41] [42] Shortly before the ban went into effect on 9 November 2019, however, it was noted that most Taiwan cosmetic companies already did non experiment with animals.[41]

Turkey [edit]

Turkey "banned whatever animal testing for cosmetic products that have already been introduced to the market place."[43]

Uk [edit]

Creature testing on cosmetics or their ingredients was banned in the UK in 1998.[44]

Jurisdictions where prohibitions are considered [edit]

Association of Southeast Asian Nations [edit]

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) is potentially "making strides toward ending cosmetics testing on animals."[3]

Commonwealth of australia [edit]

In Australia, the End Cruel Cosmetics Bill was introduced to Parliament in March 2014, which would ban local testing, which more often than not doesn't happen in that location, and importation of cosmetics tested on animals.[45] In 2016 a nib was passed to ban the auction of cosmetics tested on animals, which came into effect in July 2017.[46]

Brazil [edit]

Brazil's legislation will vote on a nationwide animal testing for cosmetics ban by the end of March 2014.[2]

Canada [edit]

The animal experimentation industry is largely unregulated and allowed to operate in well-nigh secrecy. No one knows exactly how many animals are used because many private-sector experimenters are unregulated and not required to disembalm the numbers of animals used, species, or the types of tests they perform. The number of private facilities conducting animal experiments in Canada is unknown.[47]

U.s. [edit]

In March 2014, the Humane Cosmetics Deed was introduced to the U.S. congress which would ban cosmetic testing on animals and eventually would ban the sale of cosmetics tested on animals.[3] The pecker did not advance.

Testing cosmetics on animals has been banned in 6 Us states: California, Nevada, Illinois, Virginia, Maryland, and Maine.[48]

Mexico [edit]

On 19 March 2020, the Mexican Senate unanimously passed legislation banning testing cosmetics on animals.[49] The proposed ban now awaits approval from the lower house of the Mexican Congress, the Mexican Chamber of Deputies.[fifty]

South Korea [edit]

South Korea is also potentially "making strides toward catastrophe cosmetics testing on animals."[3]

Other statuses [edit]

Mainland china [edit]

Red china passed a law on xxx June 2014 to eliminate the requirement for animal testing of cosmetics. Though domestically-produced ordinary cosmetic goods exercise not require testing, brute testing is still mandated past law for Chinese-made "cosmeceuticals" (cosmetic goods which brand a functional claim) which are available for sale in Communist china. Cosmetics intended solely for export are exempt from the animal testing requirement.[51] Equally of March 2019, post-marketplace testing (i.e. tests on cosmetics after they hitting the marketplace) for finished imported and domestically produced cosmetic products volition no longer require fauna testing.[52] Chinese police force was further amended in Apr 2020, fully dropping all remaining mandatory beast testing requirements for all cosmetics - both locally produced and imported, instead creating a regulatory 'preference' for non-animal based testing methods in the safe certification of cosmetic products.[53] [54]

Russia [edit]

In 2013, the Russian Ministry of Health stated "Toxicological testing is performed by means of testing for skin allergic reaction or test on mucous tissue/heart surface area (with use of lab animals) or by use of alternative general toxicology methods (IN VITRO). In this way the technical regulations include measures which provide an alternative to animal testing".[55]

See also [edit]

  • Brute testing on invertebrates
  • Animal testing on not-human primates
  • Creature testing on rodents
  • Cosmetics

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Engebretson, Monica (23 July 2013). "Bharat Joins the European union and Israel in Surpassing the US in Cruelty-Free Cosmetics Testing Policy". HuffPost . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  2. ^ a b Fox, Stacy (10 March 2014). "Beast Attraction: Federal Nib to End Cosmetics Testing on Animals Introduced in Congress" (Printing release). Humane Social club of the United States. Archived from the original on eleven March 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d "Cruelty Free International Applauds Congressman Jim Moran for Bill to End Cosmetics Testing on Animals in the United States" (Press release). v March 2014. Archived from the original on xviii March 2014.
  4. ^ ""Cruelty Free"/"Not Tested on Animals"". United states of america Food and Drugs Assistants. September 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  5. ^ "Is Information technology a Cosmetic, a Drug, or Both? (Or Is Information technology Lather?)". FDA. 8 Feb 2018. Retrieved six June 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d east "Testing". American Anti-Vivisection Society . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  7. ^ Murugesan, Meera (6 September 2016). "Cruelty-free cosmetics". New Straits Times . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  8. ^ Bainbridge, Amy (17 March 2014). "Australia urged to follow Eu ban on creature testing; Greens to move nib in Senate this week". ABC . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  9. ^ Merali, Zeeya (28 July 2007). "New Scientist". Human Peel to Replace Animal Tests. 195: fourteen. doi:x.1016/s0262-4079(07)61866-one.
  10. ^ Mone, Gregory (April 2014). "New Models in Cosmetics Replacing Fauna Testing". Communications of the ACM. 57 (4): 20–21. doi:x.1145/2581925. S2CID 2037444.
  11. ^ "Alternatives to animal tests". The Humane Society of the United states . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  12. ^ Zhang, Sarah (30 December 2016). "Inside the Lab that Grows Human Skin to Test Your Cosmetics". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  13. ^ Weisberger, Mindy (3 July 2017). "11 Trunk Parts Grown in the Lab". Alive Science . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  14. ^ "The discovery of the germ theory of disease". AnimalResearch.info. iii Nov 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  15. ^ "Virtually Cosmetics Animal Testing". Humane Guild International. vi March 2013. Retrieved six June 2020.
  16. ^ a b c Scutti, Susan (27 June 2013). "Animal Testing: A Long, Unpretty History". Medical Daily . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  17. ^ "Brands FAQs". Cruelty Free International . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  18. ^ "Leaping Bunny Plan". Cruelty Free International . Retrieved six June 2020.
  19. ^ Redding, Marie (13 March 2013). "Beauty Brands Accept Sides". Beauty Packaging . Retrieved half-dozen June 2020.
  20. ^ Artuso, Eloisa (24 February 2013). "Western Beauty Brands: Cruelty in China". Eluxe Mag . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  21. ^ "About Us : Humane Lodge International". www.hsi.org . Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  22. ^ a b "Exist Cruelty-Costless Entrada Backed by Global Stars, Launches in Tokyo to End Cosmetics Brute Testing in Japan (March 17, 2014)". Humane Society International . Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  23. ^ "Evolution of Cosmetics -- Toward Abolishment of Creature Testing (February 2015)". JFS: Japan for Sustainability . Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  24. ^ "Initiatives in Response to Creature Testing and Culling Methods". Shiseido Group . Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  25. ^ "Approach to alternative to animal experiments". Mandom . Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  26. ^ "São Paulo Bans Fauna Testing". PetMD. AFP News. 24 January 2014.
  27. ^ "Republic of colombia ya no tendrá pruebas de cosméticos en animales". La FM. eleven June 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  28. ^ "Colombia, primer país de la región que prohíbe las pruebas cosméticas en animales". El Espectador. 12 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  29. ^ a b "European union extends ban on animal-tested cosmetics". EuroNews. 11 March 2013.
  30. ^ Fynes-Clinton (xx March 2014), OPINION: Greens Senator Lee Rhiannon's Cease Fell Cosmetics Neb 2014 answers the public'due south growing opposition to animals testing, Courier-Post
  31. ^ Aryan (12 March 2013). "Norway ban animal testing of cosmetics". The Oslo Times. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014.
  32. ^ Jacqueline Foster (3 May 2018). "Foster: "Cosmetic testing on animals must be banned worldwide"". Conservatives in the European Parliament.
  33. ^ Grum, Tjaša (5 March 2019). "Global ban on beast testing: where are we in 2019?". Cosmetics Design Europe . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  34. ^ "Guatemalan Congress approves beast testing ban | Cruelty Free International". Cruelty Complimentary International. 9 March 2017. Retrieved iii Nov 2019.
  35. ^ Mukherjee, Rupali (23 January 2014). "Govt bans corrective companies from testing on animals". The Times of Republic of india.
  36. ^ Mohan, Vishwa (14 October 2014). "India bans import of cosmetics tested on animals". The Times of India . Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  37. ^ "Import ban on animal-tested products goes into effect". The Times of Israel. i January 2013.
  38. ^ "MPs unanimously support creature testing ban". Radio New Zealand. 31 March 2015.
  39. ^ "Makeup tests on animals banned". NZ Herald . Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  40. ^ Grabenhofer, Rachel. "Taiwan Proposes Fauna Testing Ban for Cosmetics". Cosmetics & Toiletries . Retrieved half dozen June 2020.
  41. ^ a b "'Limited touch' expected from Taiwan cosmetics animal test ban". Chemical Watch . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  42. ^ "Taiwan bans cosmetics fauna testing". Humane Society International. 21 October 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  43. ^ "Animal testing for cosmetics banned in Turkey". DailySabah. 27 July 2015.
  44. ^ "Brute Inquiry Regulations in the UK". Retrieved 10 September 2015.
  45. ^ Bainbridge, Amy (17 March 2014). "Australia urged to follow EU ban on animal testing; Greens to move bill in Senate this week". Australian Broadcasting Corporation News.
  46. ^ "Section of Wellness: Ban on the use of animal test data for cosmetics". Australian Government, Section of health . Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  47. ^ "Animals Used for Experimentation". Animal Justice Canada . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  48. ^ "Maine becomes sixth state to ban the sale of cosmetics tested on animals". Humane Gild of the United States. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  49. ^ "Mexican Senate passes bill to outlaw cosmetic animal testing". Humane Social club International. twenty March 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  50. ^ "Pecker to outlaw cosmetic animal testing in Mexico passes showtime legislative stage". Cruelty Free International . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  51. ^ "Guide to: Agreement China's Animal Testing Laws". upstanding elephant. 11 Apr 2018. Retrieved vi June 2020.
  52. ^ Figueiras, Sonalie (2 Apr 2019). "Communist china announces end to post-market animal testing for cosmetic products". South Prc Morning Mail . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  53. ^ Morosini, Daniela (10 Apr 2019). "China Will No Longer Require Animal Testing On Cosmetic Products". British Faddy . Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  54. ^ "Prc's NMPA Approves New In Vitro Methods For Regulating Cosmetics". Found for In Vitro Sciences . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  55. ^ "Cruelty Free International wins Russian commitment on non-animal testing". Cruelty Free International. 18 November 2013. Archived from the original on xviii May 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.

How Do Makeup Companies Test On Animals,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testing_cosmetics_on_animals

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